KUALA LUMPUR:上周,馬來西亞的士司機莫哈默德·艾迪爾嘗試使用 TuJu——全國自家開發的高速公路導航應用程式。
他聽從首相安華·依布拉欣的呼籲,呼籲市民不要使用廣受歡迎的由社群驅動的導航應用 Waze,理由是其數據安全風險以及是否符合以色列的數據法規。
不到 24 小時之後,38 歲的艾迪爾已卸載 TuJu,改回使用 Waze。
「很多目的地找不到,某些路線的指示似乎也不太符合邏輯,」艾迪爾談到由馬來西亞高速公路管理局開發的 TuJu時這樣說。
「目前而言,它並不夠好,也不夠方便,還不足以讓人使用。」
艾迪爾並非唯一在與 Waze 作別時掙扎的司機,畢竟在以色列相關問題再度受到審視之際,Waze 仍是馬來西亞數百萬用戶的首選工具。
網約車司機 P. Vishovartan 在載客時依賴 Grab 的內建導航地圖,但私下駕駛,特別是回到家鄉檳城時,卻以 Waze 為主。
「在預估行車時間及收費方面,Waze 最為準確,」Vishovartan 說道。 「在遇到嚴重交通狀況時,它也是找到替代路線的最佳選擇。」
儘管 Vishovartan 強烈譴責以色列在加沙及其他地區的軍事行動,但他承認,因為 Waze 的實時事故更新功能,目前仍難以停止使用。
Waze 於 2006 年以名為 FreeMap Israel 的開源項目誕生,於 2013 年被科技巨頭 Google 以逾 10 億美元收購。
根據其隱私政策,Waze 依然由在特拉維夫的 Waze Mobile 負責運營。
馬來西亞在 10 月 20 日禁止公務員使用 Waze,理由是涉及敏感政府資訊及個人資料之安全問題。該指令涵蓋他們的工作時間及私人時間。
「敏感政府資訊與公民個人資料必須受到保護,避免被以色列政權以可能削弱國家安全與主權的方式利用,」首相辦公室於 10 月 21 日發布聲明。
馬來西亞與以色列並無外交關係,一直長期支持巴勒斯坦的事業。Waze 仍否認收集敏感政府資訊或允許用戶個人資料被濫用的指控。
「離唔到佢」
The government directive and Anwar’s exhortation have stirred debate among motorists and netizens about issues such as principles versus practicality, and the availability of homegrown alternatives that measure up.
Masrizal Mahidin, president of the Malaysia E-Hailing and Delivery Organisation (MEDO), said that the association’s members have been told to stand by to use alternative navigation apps, while continuing to use whichever tools they feel most comfortable with.
「自該公告以來,社群一直問我哋好多問題。我諗相比公務員喺資料方面嘅機密性,我哋其實唔算好重要,」佢話。
Waze 仍然係多數網約車乘客嘅首選應用,而 Google 地圖則在送貨司機多次投遞時較受歡迎,佢說。
Masrizal 表示,佢工作時以 Grab 地圖為首選工具,Waze 為次要選項。但就實時交通更新而言,Waze 較為優秀。
像律師蘇珊娜·諾里罕這樣的常規駕駛者表示,Waze 實在太方便,難以拋棄。 「我需要它,實在走唔開,」她向 CNA 表示。
Suzanna 指出,雖然她積極抵制與以色列軍隊有關聯的品牌,例如麥當勞,因為其公開支持以色列國防軍士兵,但她認為沒有確鑿證據顯示 Waze 直接資助或參與衝突。
On its website, Waze said that it focuses strictly on vehicle navigation while Google Maps focuses on comprehensive “geographic exploration”.
Reports dating back to 2017 identified Malaysia as one of Asia’s most dominant Waze markets, driven by six million monthly active users, 2.5 million of whom were based in the greater Kuala Lumpur area.
CNA has reached out to Waze on the current number of Malaysian users and the impact of the Malaysian government’s position on the application.

缺乏用家友善的本地替代方案
馬來西亞汽車產業分析師希澤里·桑姆蘇里(Hezeri Samsuri),他是 Careta Media 汽車新聞平台的總編輯,向 CNA 表示,雖然發展本地導航平台是一件正面的舉措,但任何替代方案在公開推廣前,必須先具備完整的功能。
「我親自下載了 TuJu,但連 Putrajaya(布城,馬來西亞的行政首都)都找不到,」他指出。
「現實情況係,導航應用已深深嵌入馬來西亞駕駛者的日常生活,想讓人拋棄熟悉的工具相當困難。」他說。
他補充,Waze 之所以受歡迎的一個原因,是它會顯示超速攝影機與路障的位置。
在 Threads 的社群平台上,許多用戶亦抱怨系統頻繁故障與缺乏用戶友善特徵。
然而,馬來西亞公路局主席哈斯尼·莫罕默德告訴 Malaysiakini,TuJu 的開發主要是為了提升走向收費公路的服務,而非與 Waze 直接競爭。
「也許十至十五年之後,我們才有機會再擴展到國道、地方道路乃至村鎮道路,但目前的重點只放在收費高速公路。」他說。
一位資安專家指出,資料隱私風險並非 Waze 的獨有現象。
「所有這些應用都可以存取我們的定位,並記錄我們走過的路線與活動。這種追蹤並非只限於 Waze;許多其他社群媒體平台的應用也具備類似的追蹤能力,甚至有些更具侵入性,」LGMS 資安公司執行主席方忠福(Fong Choong Fook)說。
他認為,在沒有可靠替代方案的情況下全面禁止 Waze 可能過於草率。
安華亦承認這一點,據 Malay Mail 報導,他於 10 月 24 日表示,對 Waze 的全面禁令之後續決策,將在評估現有替代方案是否具備足夠能力後才作出。
Other observers have also noted that the Malaysian government may need to examine other foreign tech platforms if the concern is data residency and security.
Former Bank Negara Malaysia deputy governor Sukudhew Singh questioned whether civil servants should similarly be banned from using American-developed platforms like Google, ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude and Microsoft Office.
“For that matter, why not ban DeepSeek and Chinese telecommunications or computer hardware from government use? The Chinese could also be spying on Putrajaya,” he said in a LinkedIn post on Oct 22.
“The government should apply consistent, evidence-based standards to national data security, regardless of company nationality,” he added.

Speaking to CNA on condition of anonymity, a civil servant who asked to be known only as Anisah wondered how Putrajaya plans to monitor and enforce compliance with the Waze directive.
Malaysia’s National Security Council director-general Raja Nushirwan Zainal Abidin was quoted as saying by Bernama that any breach of the directive carried “disciplinary implications”.
But Anisah said she and her colleagues have yet to be briefed over the use of the application. “Do we surrender our phones to our bosses?” she wondered.
Malaysia’s stance on Waze has also led some motorists to try out other apps.
Threads user @aliyaruzlan posted on Oct 23 that she was deleting Waze after three years and had installed three other navigation applications: TuJu, another local application called Pintaz and Amap, which is from China.
On Google’s Play Store, the TuJu app has been downloaded more than half a million times while Pintaz has more than 100,000 downloads.
Motorist Farwina Faroque, 44, who works as a secretary at a think tank, said the government could consider a complete ban of Waze, but should first ensure a comparable alternative is available.
Farwina, who uses Google Maps sparingly, pointed to South Korea, where strict national security and geospatial data laws historically restricted foreign mapping services, forcing the market to adapt to localised applications such as KakaoMap.
“If an app is still available, people would naturally use it. Some of my friends also use it even though they are against Israel. But before banning Waze, the government must ensure a capable alternative is in place,” said Farwina, who has never installed Waze because of its Israeli origins.